1. Introduction:
Ferro silicon is a ferroalloy, an alloy of iron and silicon with an average silicon content between 15 and 90 weight percent.It contains a high proportion of iron silicides.
2. Made up process:
Ferro silicon is produced by reduction of silica or sand with coke in presence of scrap iron, millscale, or other source of iron. Ferro silicons with silicon content up to about 15% are made in blast furnaces lined with acid fire bricks. Ferro silicons with higher silicon content are made in electric arc furnaces. The usual formulations on the market are ferro silicons with 15%, 45%, 75%, and 90% silicon. The remainder is iron, with about 2% consisting of other elements like aluminium and calcium. An overabundance of silica is used to prevent formation of silicon carbide. Microsilica is a useful byproduct.
3. Application:
A. Ferro silicon is used as a source of silicon to reduce metals from their oxides and to deoxidize steel and other ferrous alloys.This prevents the loss of carbon from the molten steel (so called blocking the heat)
B. It can be used to make other ferroalloys. Ferro silicon is also used for manufacture of silicon, corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant ferrous silicon alloys, and silicon steel for electromotors and transformer cores. In the manufacture of cast iron, ferro silicon is used for inoculation of the iron to accelerate graphitization. In arc welding, ferrosilicon can be found in some electrode coatings.
C. Ferro silicon is a basis for manufacture of prealloys like magnesium ferro silicon (MgFeSi), used for modification of melted malleable iron. Ferro silicon is also important as an additive to cast irons for controlling the initial content of silicon.
D. Ferro silicon is also used in the Pidgeon process to make magnesium from dolomite.
4. Chemical composition:
Type Chemical Composition (%)
Si Mn Cr C P S
≤
Fesi75A 74.0-80.0 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.035 0.02
Fesi75B 74.0-80.0 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.04 0.02
Fesi75C 72.0-80.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.04 0.02
Fesi65 65.0-72.0 0.6 0.5 -- 0.04 0.02
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